NOTICE:
The basic characteristics of China's natural resource composition are rich coal, lean oil, and low gas, which determines the status of coal in primary energy. China's total coal resources are 5.6 trillion tons, of which 1 trillion tons have been proven reserves, accounting for 11.60% of the world's total reserves. China's coal seam conditions are complex and diverse. The thickness of coal seams varies from a few tenths to tens of meters. In order to mine coal, a large number of coal rock roadways need to be dug. Heading and mining are important production links in coal mine production. The level of mining technology and equipment is directly related to the capacity and safety of coal mine production. Efficient mechanized driving and support technology is a necessary condition to ensure the mine to achieve high production and efficiency, and it is also the development direction of roadway driving technology.
Since the 1980s, China has reformed the design of mines, abolished the layout of concentrated rock roadways, laid open roadways and mining prospecting roadways in coal seams, and increased the proportion of coal roadways in well roadways. At present, a large number of coal mine roadways are coal roadways, accounting for about 70% of the total amount of roadway engineering.
There are three main ways of efficient coal roadway driving in China: The first is the supporting operation line of cantilever roadheader and single bolt drilling rig, also known as the comprehensive mechanized roadway of coal roadway, which has been widely used in key state-owned coal mines in China. It is a cantilever type roadheader, which has a wide range of applications. The second type is a matching operation line of continuous coal miners and anchor drilling rigs. It has been promoted and applied in Shendong, Wanli and other mining areas and Ordos. The main roadheading machines are continuous mining. Coal mining machine, which requires multi-lane driving and cross-replacement construction; the third type is the integrated driving of the excavating and anchoring unit, which is only used in some mining areas and is currently in the experimental stage. 1.1 Comprehensive mechanized driving of coal roadway The comprehensive mechanized tunneling of coal roadway is composed of cantilever type roadheader, reloader, retractable belt conveyor (or scraper conveyor), single anchor drilling rig, ventilation and dust removal equipment and power supply system. Cantilever type roadheader is the key equipment for comprehensive mechanized roadway of coal roadway. The performance of the roadheader has an important role in improving the efficiency and heading of the roadway.
The development and application of cantilever roadheaders in China's coal roadways began in the 1960s, mainly with 30-50kW low-power roadheaders. Research and development and production use are in the experimental stage. In the early 1980s, in order to meet the needs of the development of mechanized production of coal mines, China introduced two representative models, namely AM50 and S-100 roadheaders, which played a role in promoting the development of comprehensive mechanization in China. At the same time, China has strengthened the digestion and absorption of imported models, and has actively developed comprehensive mechanized driving equipment suitable for China's geological conditions and production processes. After nearly 30 years of digestion and absorption and independent research and development, China has formed a processing and manufacturing capacity of more than 1,000 roadheaders per year, developed and produced more than 20 types of roadheaders, and initially formed a series of products that can basically meet the domestic market.
The AM50 and S-100 type roadheaders are products from the 1970s abroad. They have low power, light weight, low rock breaking capacity and poor reliability, and are only suitable for use in coal roads with good conditions. In recent years, China has successively developed alternative models represented by the EBJ-120TP type roadheader, which has reached the international advanced level in terms of overall technical performance and is being promoted and applied.
